Umhlahlandlela Wokukhetha Okubalulekile Kokushisa-Ukusakaza Kwensimbi Okungazweli: I-German Standard vs. Chinese Standard, Ukuhlaziywa Okubanzi ukusuka Ekubunjweni kuya Ezimeni Zokusebenza

Ezimweni zemboni-ezisezingeni eliphezulu, impilo yesevisi, ukuzinza, kanye nezindleko-ukusebenza kahle kokushisa{2}}kokusakaza kwensimbi engazweli kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto. Ukukhetha okokusebenza okufanele kungazuza "{4}}ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi esisodwa,{5}}ukuthula kwengqondo yesikhathi eside," ngokugwema ukushintshwa okuvamile, ukuphelelwa isikhathi kwemishini, kanye nokumoshakala kwezindleko okubangelwa ukungafani kwezinto. Ngisho nobuciko obuhle kakhulu, izinto ezingalungile ziyoba nzima ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezicindezelayo zokushisa, ukugqwala, nokuguga.

Njengomkhiqizi womthombo onokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engu-20 embonini yokusakazwa kwensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, i-Qingyun Hongsheng Machinery Accessories Co., Ltd. sekuyisikhathi eside isekela okokusebenza okuyinhloko kwensimbi, amandla kagesi, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha nezinye izimboni, futhi inolwazi ezicini nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimo zokusetshenziswa kobubanzi obuphelele bensimbi engazweli{4} yensimbi yesiShayina nesiJalimane. Lesi sihloko sizohlukanisa ngokujulile izinto ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile zesiShayina nesiJalimane kusukela kubukhulu obune: ukwakheka kwezinto, imingcele yokusebenza, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokusebenza, nezingibe zokukhetha, ukusiza abasebenza embonini ukuthi benze ukukhetha okunembile futhi bagweme ukuphambuka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngezifiso ukusiza amabhizinisi ehlise izindleko futhi andise ukusebenza kahle.

I. Isisekelo Esiyinhloko: Kungani Kubalulekile Ukukhetha Ukushisa-Izinto Zokusakaza Zensimbi Ezingazweli?

Ivelu eyinhloko yokushisa-insimbi ekwazi ukumelana nensimbi iwukugcina ukumelana ne-oxidation,{1}}amandla aphezulu wezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nokushaqeka kwe-thermal, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala endaweni{2}}yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu engu-450℃-1200℃. Umehluko kulezi zakhiwo ungenxa yezilinganiso ezihlukene zezakhi ze-alloying (i-chromium, i-nickel, i-silicon, i-molybdenum, njll.) endabeni. Okuqukethwe kwama-elementi e-alloying ahlukahlukene kunquma ngokuqondile umkhawulo ongaphezulu wokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, nempilo yesevisi yokusakazwa.

Empeleni, sihlangabezane nezinkinga eziningi ezibangelwa ukukhethwa kwempahla okungalungile: isibonelo, ukusebenzisa insimbi evamile engashisi ({0}}njenge-ZGCr28) ezithandweni zokushisa ezingaphezu kuka-1100℃kuzodala ukuxebuka kwe-oxidation kanye nokuqhekeka ezinyangeni ezingu-1-ezi-2 kuphela; kusetshenziswa izinto ezijwayelekile zaseShayina zika-2010 ezimeni zegesi ephumayo enesibabule kuzodala ukugqwala kubhoboze phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-3, okungakhulisi nje kuphela izindleko zokuyilungisa kodwa futhi kubambezele uhlelo lokukhiqiza.

Ngakho-ke, i-logic eyinhloko yokukhetha izinto yilezi:ukufanisa izinga lokushisa lesimo sokusebenza, indawo emaphakathi, namandla okulayisha, nokukhetha okokusebenza okufanele kakhulu ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi (zasekhaya/zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle) kanye nesabelomali sezindleko, esikhundleni sokuphishekela "intengo-ephezulu" noma "ephansi{1}}ephansi".

II. I-Mainstream Chinese Standard Heat-Izinto Zensimbi Ezingazweli (Okuncanyelwayo Kumaphrojekthi Wasekhaya, Izindleko Eziphezulu-Ukuzijwayeza Ukusebenza)

Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwesiShayina-okubuswa kwensimbi okungazweli kukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ne-GB/T 8492-2014. Ukuqamba izinto kuqala ngokuthi "ZG" (insimbi ekhonjiwe), kulandelwa okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying. Afanele amaphrojekthi amaningi ezimboni zasekhaya, anezindleko ezisele-ukusebenza kahle, ukuthenga okulula, kanye nempendulo{6} esheshayo ngemva kokuthengisa. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya okujulile kwezinto ezi-3 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezijwayelekile zesiShayina:

(I) ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2 (evame ukwaziwa ngele-2520 material) - Inkosi Ephakeme-I-Temperature Oxidation Resistance

Ukwakheka Okubalulekile: I-Carbon (C) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-0.45%, i-Chromium (Cr) 24%-26%, i-Nickel (Ni) 19%-22%, i-Silicon (Si) 1.5% -2.5%, I-Manganese (Mn) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-1.5%, i-Phoslfur (P) i-Fosphorus (P) i-Lesphorus (P) Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.03%;

Ukusebenza{{0}Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ngu-1200℃,{1}}izinga lokushisa lesevisi yesikhathi eside lingu-1050℃. Ifilimu eminyene ye-Cr₂O₃ oxide yakheka endaweni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ivimbele ngokuphumelelayo ukungena komoyampilo futhi ibe nokumelana ne-oxidation enamandla kakhulu;

Izici ezibalulekile: Amandla aphezulu aphezulu-ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kokushisa, ekwazi ukumelana nemithelela yokushisa nokubanda eshintshashintsha njalo (umehluko wezinga lokushisa Ngaphansi noma olingana no-800℃), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inezinga elithile le-asidi nokugqwala kwe-alkali ngaphandle kokugqwala okusobala;

Izidingo Zenqubo: Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa-isithando somlilo sokungenisa imvamisa esimaphakathi ukuze ucwenge, ulawule izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika libe ngu-1500{2}}1550℃, uphole kancane ngemva kokuthela, bese wenza ukwelashwa okucisha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu + kokushisisa ngamadigri angu-1050 ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokugwema ukuqhekeka;

Izimo Zokusebenza Eziguqukayo: Amashubhu okushisa okushisa, amapuleti angaphansi kwesithando somlilo, obhasikidi bempahla, amathreyi ezinto ezibonakalayo, okokuvikela umlomo kasimende, izifudumezi, amalayini angaphakathi{0}}amaketela amakhemikhali okushisa aphezulu,{1}}amashubhu akhazimulayo ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezinye{2}}izimo zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-100;

Impilo Yesevisi: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza-zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, impilo yesevisi ingafinyelela izinyanga ezingu-12-ezingu-24, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-5 kunensimbi evamile ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.

(II) ZG30Cr20Ni10 (evame ukwaziwa ngele-2010 material) - Izindleko Ezilinganisiwe-Ukukhetha Okusebenzayo

Ukwakheka Okubalulekile: I-Carbon (C) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-0.35%, i-Chromium (Cr) 19%-22%, i-Nickel (Ni) 9%-11%, i-Silicon (Si) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-1.5%, I-Manganese (Mn) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-1.5%, i-Phosphorus (P) ilingana ne-Phosphorus (P) Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.03%;

Ukusebenza{{0}Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ngu-1100℃,{1}}izinga lokushisa lesevisi yesikhathi eside lingu-950℃, ukumelana ne-oxidation enhle, amandla azinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi akulula ukuthamba nokuwohloka;

Izici ezibalulekile: Ukulinganisa ukungezwani kokuguga nokumelana nokugqwala, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula, kungabholwa, kushiselwe nokunye ukucutshungulwa kwesibili, intengo cishe ingaphansi ngo-30% kunempahla engu-2520, kanye nezindleko ezisele{2}}ukusebenza kahle;

Izidingo Zenqubo: Izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo 1480-1520℃, akukho ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi okudingekile, ukucisha okuvamile + ukushisa kwanele, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokulethwa;

Izimo Zokusebenza Eziguqukayo: Ama-grate esithando sensimbi, izisekelo zokushisa okubhayela, amapayipi adlulisa amakhemikhali,{0}}ama-hopper aphezulu okushisa namaketanga okuthutha embonini yempahla yokwakha, ukufakwa kwamapayipi egesi eflue embonini yamandla kagesi nezinye{1}}izimo zezinga lokushisa ezimaphakathi neziphezulu{1}}zezinga lokushisa elingu-800-1000;

Impilo Yesevisi: Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivamile, impilo yesevisi ingafinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12, ezifanele amaphrojekthi asekhaya azwela izindleko kanye nokushisa okuphakathi.

(III) ZGCr28 (Ephakeme-Impahla Ye-Chromium) - Inomnotho Futhi Ihlala Njalo, Ikhethwa Ukumelana Ne-Sulfur Corrosion

Ukwakheka Okubalulekile: I-Carbon (C) 0.30%-0.50%, i-Chromium (Cr) 26%-30%, I-Silicon (Si) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-1.5%, I-Manganese (Mn) Ingaphansi noma ilingana no-1.5%, I-Phosphorus (P) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-0.04% ne-Sulfur (3%) (ayikho i-nickel noma i-trace nickel);

Ukusebenza{{0}Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ngu-1000℃,{1}}isevisi yesikhathi eside izinga lokushisa elingu-850℃, ukumelana ne-oxidation emaphakathi, ubulukhuni obuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, nokungagugi okuvelele;

Izici ezibalulekile: Ukumelana nokugqwala kwesibabule kuqine ngokwedlulele, kungajwayelana nezimo zokusebenza zesibabule-equkethe i-flue gas nesibabule-equkethe izinto ezisetshenziswayo, intengo ephansi, futhi iyindlela ekhethwayo ekhethwayo{2}}ngezimo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi{3}}eliphezulu;

Izidingo Zenqubo: Inqubo yokuncibilikisa ilula, asikho isidingo sokwengeza izakhi ze-nickel ezibizayo, izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza, ezifanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi;

Izimo Zokusebenza Eziguqukayo: Ama-ash hopper e-boiler plant yamandla,{0}}amapayipi egesi eshibilikayo enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinto zokusebenza ze-desulfurization,{1}}eziqukethe izinto ezihambisa isibabule embonini ye-metallurgical, zigqoka{2}}izindwangu ezingazweli nezinye izimo ezingaphansi kuka-800℃ezinesulfure noma eziqinile{4};

Impilo Yesevisi: Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezivamile, impilo yesevisi ingafinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-3-6, ezifanele izimo ezinokulawulwa okuqinile kwezindleko kanye nemvamisa yokubuyisela eyamukelekayo.

III. I-Mainstream German Standard Heat-Izinto Zensimbi Ezingazweli (Okuncanyelwayo Ukuthekelisa Amaphrojekthi, Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe jikelele)

Ukushisa okujwayelekile kwesiJalimane-Izinsimbi zensimbi ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa kukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ne-DIN 17445. Ukuqanjwa kwempahla kuqala ngo-"X", kulandelwa okuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingxubevange. Zinokuqashelwa okuphezulu kwamazwe ngamazwe, ukulawula ukwakheka okunembe kakhudlwana, futhi zifanele amaphrojekthi okuthunyelwa e-Europe, Southeast Asia nezinye izifunda, ikakhulukazi-izimo eziphakeme ezinezidingo eziqinile ekusebenzeni kwempahla namazinga okuhlola. Okulandelayo ukuhlaziya{5}}okujulile kwezinto ezingu-2 ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezijwayelekile zesiJalimane kanye nobudlelwano bazo obuhambisanayo nezinto ezijwayelekile zesiShayina:

(I) 1.4841 (X15CrNiSi25-21) - Ihambisana Nezinga LaseShayina 2520, Elikhethwayo Ngokuthekelisa Okusezingeni Eliphezulu

Ukwakheka Okubalulekile (Ukuqhathaniswa Nezinga lesiShayina 2520): I-Carbon (C) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-0.15% (ingaphansi kuka-0.45% yezinga lesiShayina elingu-2520), i-Chromium (Cr) 24% -26% (ihambisana nezinga lesiShayina), i-Nickel (Ni) 20% -22% (ihambisana nezinga lesi-Chinese), i-Silicon (Si) 1.5% ehambisanayo nesi-Chinese); umehluko oyinhloko okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi, izinto ezihlanzekile kanye nokungcola okumbalwa;

Ukusebenza{{0}Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ngu-1150℃,-isevisi yesikhathi eside izinga lokushisa elingu-1050℃(ngokuyisisekelo lihambisana nezinga le-Chinese 2520), kodwa ukumelana nokuqina kwe-carburization, ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, kanye nokuqina okungcono emazingeni okushisa aphezulu;

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Ukunemba okuphezulu ekulawuleni ukwakheka, iqoqo ngalinye lezinto kufanele linikeze umbiko wokutholwa kwe-spectral kanye{0}}nombiko wokuhlola ongonakalisi, ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zezimboni ze-EU, nokuqashelwa okuphezulu phakathi kwamakhasimende amazwe ngamazwe; ubumsulwa bezinto eziphakeme, akulula ukuvuvuka nokuqhekeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, afanele{1}ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside;

Izidingo Zenqubo: Yamukela inqubo yokuncibilikisa i-vacuum ukuze ulawule ngokuqinile okuqukethwe kokungcola, futhi ulawule ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lokwelapha ukushisa ku-1050-1100℃ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okufanayo nokuzinzile;

Izimo Zokusebenza Eziguqukayo: Izingxenye ezibalulekile zamaziko okushisa nokushisa kwezimboni ezithunyelwa eYurophu,{0}}izingxenye eziphezulu zezinga lokushisa{1}}zempahla yamakhemikhali yokugcina ephezulu,{2}}izimo zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ezingaphezu kuka-1000℃ezidinga ukumelana ne-carburization kanye nokungagqwala;

Umehluko ku-Chinese Standard 2520: Ukwakheka kufana kakhulu, futhi kungashintshaniswa ezimweni eziningi zokusebenza; kodwa, i-1.4841 inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, futhi intengo ingaphezulu ngo-15%-20% ngaphezu kwe-Chinese standard 2520, ifanele ukuthekelisa noma amaphrojekthi asekhaya asezingeni eliphezulu.

(II) 1.4837 (X12CrNi23-13) - Ihambisana Nezinga Lase-Chinese 2010, Elikhethwayo Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Emaphakathi

Ukwakheka Okubalulekile (Ukuqhathaniswa Nezinga lesiShayina lango-2010): I-Carbon (C) Ngaphansi noma ilingana no-0.12% (ingaphansi kuka-0.35% yezinga lesiShayina lango-2010), i-Chromium (Cr) 22% -24% (iphakeme kancane kunezinga lesiShayina lango-2010), i-Nickel (Ni) 12% -14% (iphakeme kancane kunezinga lesiShayina lango-2010); ukwakheka okunembe kakhudlwana, ukumelana ne-oxidation okungcono nokumelana nokukhathala okushisayo;

Ukusebenza{{0}Kwezinga Lokushisa Okuphezulu: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lesevisi ngu-1050℃,{1}}isevisi yesikhathi eside izinga lokushisa elingu-950℃(ngokuvumelana nezinga le-Chinese 2010), kodwa okungcono{4}}ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa nokubanda okuvamisile, futhi akulula ukuqhekeka;

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko: Ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, imibiko yokuhlola ephelele (ingahlinzeka ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-EN), ifanele amaphrojekthi okuthumela ngaphandle; ukuqina okuhle kwempahla, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula, kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza zezingxenye ezikhethekile eziyinkimbinkimbi-ezinomumo;

Izidingo Zenqubo: Ukucwenga-imvamisa okumaphakathi + ukucocwa kwe-vacuum ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola nezimbotshana zensimbi encibilikisiwe, ukuqina okufanayo ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo ephezulu;

Izimo Zokusebenza Eziguqukayo: Izisetshenziswa zensimbi ezikhiqizwe kwamanye amazwe, izisetshenziswa zamabhayela,{0}}izingxenye ezidlulisa amakhemikhali ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu,{1}}izingxenye zethempelesha eziphezulu{2}}zempahla yokwakha ephezulu kanye nezinye{3}}izimo zezinga lokushisa ezimaphakathi neziphezulu ezingama-800-1000 degree;

Umehluko ku-Chinese Standard 2010: Iphakeme kancane okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ne-nickel, ukuqina okungcono nokumelana ne-oxidation, futhi intengo ingaphezulu ngo-10%-15% ngaphezu kokujwayelekile kwe-Chinese 2010, ifanele ukuthekelisa noma amaphrojekthi asekhaya asezingeni eliphezulu anezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu.

IV. Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa Eliyinhloko le-Chinese Standard vs. German Standard Materials (Sula ngokubuka nje, ukukhetha okusheshayo)

. 3 Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zokukhetha Izinto (Ukhiye Wokugwema Izingibe)

Odokotela abaningi bathambekele ekuweleni ezingibeni "zokubiza kakhulu okungcono" noma "Izinga lesiShayina alilungile njengelijwayelekile laseJalimane" lapho kukhethwa izinto zokusebenza. Eqinisweni, umnyombo wokukhetha "ukuzivumelanisa nezimo". Ukuhlanganisa lezi zimiso ezi-3 ezilandelayo kungagwema ngokunembile izingibe:

Isimiso 1: Thatha Izinga Lokushisa Lesimo Sokusebenza Njengesisekelo Esiyinhloko (Esibaluleke Kakhulu)

Izinga lokushisa linquma ngokuqondile ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Uma sekwedlule-izinga lokushisa lesevisi yesikhathi eside lento, ukusakaza kuzokhipha i-oxidize ngokushesha, kuthambe futhi kuqhekeke:

Ngaphansi kwama-degree angu-800 : Okubalulekile kunikezwa i-ZGCr28, ephansi{2}}ebizayo, isulfure{3}}engazweli futhi egugile{4}}ekwazi ukumelana nayo, ehlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo{5}}zezinga lokushisa eliphezulu;

I-800-1000℃: Khetha i-ZG30Cr20Ni10 (izinga lesiShayina) noma i-1.4837 (izinga lesiJalimane) ukuze ulinganisele ukusebenza nezindleko;

Ngaphezulu kuka-1000℃: Khetha i-ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2 (izinga lesiShayina) noma i-1.4841 (izinga lesiJalimane) ukuze uqinisekise{6}}ukumelana ne-oxidation ephezulu yezinga lokushisa kanye nokumelana nokuguga.

Isimiso sesi-2: Hlanganisa Imvelo Emaphakathi futhi Ucabangele Ukumelana Nokugqwala

I-Sulfur-equkethe igesi ephehlwayo nesibabule-equkethe izinto: Okubalulekile kunikezwa{2}}izinto ze-chromium (ZGCr28) eziphezulu ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala;

I-Acid-imvelo ye-corrosion eyisisekelo: Khetha{1}}izinto ze-nickel eziphezulu (2520/1.4841) ukuze wenze ifilimu ye-oxide ecinene futhi imelane nokugqwala;

Indawo yokungcwaba (njengesithando somlilo sokushisa): Khetha izinga lesiJalimane elingu-1.4841 noma izinga lesiShayina elingu-2520, elinokumelana ne-carburization okuqinile futhi ligweme ukufiphala kwezinto.

Isimiso sesi-3: Hlanganisa Izidingo Zephrojekthi kanye Nezindleko Zebhalansi Nokusebenza

Amaphrojekthi asekhaya, izindleko-ziyazwela, azikho izidingo ezikhethekile: Khetha izinto ezijwayelekile zesiShayina (2520/2010/ZGCr28), ezinezindleko eziphakeme{4}}ezisebenza kahle futhi ezilula ngemva{5}}kwesevisi yokuthengisa;

Thumela amaphrojekthi, izidingo ezijwayelekile ze-EU,{0}}izimo zokugcina eziphezulu: Khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile zesiJalimane (1.4841/1.4837), ezinokuhlolwa okuphelele nokuqashelwa kwamanye amazwe;

Umthwalo osindayo, ukushintshana njalo okushisayo nokubanda: Khetha izinto ezingu-2520/1.4841, ezinokumelana nokushaqeka okuqinile okushisayo nokumelana nokuguquka, futhi andise impilo yesevisi.

VI. Imibuzo Ejwayelekile Yemboni Nezimpendulo (Ukubhekana Namaphuzu Obuhlungu, Izixazululo Ezinembile)

Q1: Kungani intengo yezinto ezingu-2520 (ZG40Cr25Ni20Si2) iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yensimbi evamile ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa{6}}?

A1: Kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile:

① Izindleko eziphezulu ze-alloy: okokusebenza okungu-2520 kuqukethe cishe u-25% we-chromium no-20% we-nickel. I-Nickel iyinsimbi eyigugu enokuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo, ebiza ngaphezu kuka-60% wezindleko zempahla;

② Izidingo eziphakeme zenqubo: Idinga ukusebenzisa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana-nokucwenga imvamisa okumaphakathi, ukupholisa kancane, nokwelashwa{1}}nokushisa okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kususwe ukungcola, kuqede ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, nokugwema ukuqhekeka, okuholela emjikelezweni omude wokukhiqiza nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, impilo yesevisi yezinto ezingu-2520 ingaphezu kokuphindwe ka-5 kuneyensimbi evamile yokushisa-engazweli, enganciphisa imvamisa yokushintsha, izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokulahlekelwa isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi inezindleko eziningi-ezisebenza{7}}ezisebenza isikhathi eside.

I-Q2: Ingabe izinga lesiJalimane elingu-1.4841 kanye ne-Chinese standard 2520 lingashintshwa ngokuphelele?

A2: Angashintshwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zokusebenza ngoba okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-chromium ne-nickel kuyefana, futhi ukusebenza{1}}okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa akuhlukile kakhulu. Nokho, kunezimo ezimbili lapho ukushintshana kunganconywa:

① Kumaphrojekthi athunyelwe eYurophu, kuqala kunikezwa ku-1.4841, evumelana namazinga e-EU DIN, enokubona kwamakhasimende okuphezulu, futhi edinga imibiko yokuhlola ehambisanayo;

② Ezimeni ezine-carburization enamandla kanye nokugqwala kwe-intergranular, i-1.4841 inokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, nokumelana okuqinile kwe-carburization, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izimo zokusebenza ezinjalo. Singakwazi ukukhiqiza kokubili izinto zokwakha futhi sinikeze iziphakamiso ezinembile zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokuvumelana nezidingo zephrojekthi yekhasimende.

Q3: Ngaphezu kwezinto zokwakha, yiziphi ezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa?

I-A3: Impahla iwumongo, kodwa amaphuzu angu-3 alandelayo awanakuzitshwa:

① Inqubo yokusakaza: Ukusakaza okunembayo kungaqinisekisa ukunemba kobukhulu (±0.5mm), kugweme ukucutshungulwa kwesibili, futhi kunciphise izinkinga zokufaka;

② Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa: Ukucima okujwayelekile + ukufudumala kungaqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo kwama-castings;

③ Amandla omkhiqizi: Abakhiqizi bomthombo banganikeza imibiko yokuhlolwa kwezinto kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, ngesevisi eqinisekisiwe{0}}yangemva kokuthengisa, ngokugwema ukuthenga "izinto zomgunyathi" (njengokunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-nickel ne-chromium ukuze kudlule imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi{1}njengeyekhwalithi ephezulu).

Q4: Kungani high{1}}impahla ye-chromium (ZGCr28) ingamelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphandle kwe-nickel?

A4: Ukuphakama-kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu{2}}kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-chromium kuncike kakhulu kuma-elementi e-chromium. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kufinyelela ku-26%-30%, ifilimu eminyene ye-Cr₂O₃ oxide yakheka endaweni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ivimbele ukungena komoyampilo, ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelele ukumelana ne-oxidation kanye{8}}nokumelana{8}}nokushisa okuphezulu. Nokho, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-nickel,{12}}amandla ayo aphezulu ezinga lokushisa kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa akumihle njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingu-2520/1.4841, futhi ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezingaphansi kuka-800℃ngempilo yesevisi emfishane uma kuqhathaniswa, elungele{13}}izindleko eziphansi nezimo zesidingo sezinga lokushisa eliphansi.

VII. Ikhophi Yokumaketha (Umkhiqizi Womthombo, Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Uchwepheshe, Ukwehliswa Kwezindleko kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza)

Ingcweti kwezokushisa-Izisetshenziswa Zokusakaza Zensimbi Ezingazweli|Ibanga Eligcwele Lokwenza Ngokwezifiso Kwamazinga AseShayina NaseJalimane, Ukukhathazeka-Ukukhetha Kwamahhala. Ukufakwa Kwempahla Egcwele: 2520/2010/ZGCr28/1.4841/1.4837, Ukukhethwa Kwempahla Ngokufunwa. Ubuciko obunembayo: Okumaphakathi-Ukucwenga Imvamisa + Okuphezulu{11}}Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Kwezinga lokushisa + Okugcwele{13}}Ukuhlola Ikhwalithi Yenqubo, Azikho Imigodi Yomoya, Azikho Izimbobo Zesihlabathi, Ukusebenza Okuzinzile. Amasevisi Amahhala: Isiqondiso Sokukhetha Okubalulekile, Ukuthuthukisa Ukudweba, Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimo Ezisebenzayo, Ukukusiza Ugweme Izingozi Nokunciphisa Izindleko. Umkhiqizi Womthombo: Abekho Abamaphakathi, Intengo Yehliswe Ngokuqondile ngo-20%-30%, Izaphulelo Eziningi Zokuthenga Inqwaba. Ukulethwa Ngokushesha: Izingxenye Ezivamile Esitokweni, Okungezona{22}}Izingxenye Ezivamile Zilethwa Ngezinsuku Eziyisi-7-ezingu-15, Ama-oda Aphuthumayo Angasheshiswa. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi: Iqoqo Ngalinye Lihlinzeka Ngemibiko Yokutholwa Okungabonakali kanye-Nemibiko Yokuhlola Engabhidlizi, Isiqinisekiso Sekhwalithi Sezinyanga Eziyi-12, Isevisi Engakhaleki Ngemva Kokuthengisa.

Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-20 ekushiseni{1}}okubunjiwe kwensimbi engazweli, sisebenzela amabhizinisi ezimboni angaphezu kuka-500 emhlabeni wonke, ezivumelanisa{3}}nezimo zokusebenza eziphezulu zethempelesha ku-metallurgy, amandla kagesi, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha nezinye izimboni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha indinganiso yesiShayina yamaphrojekthi asekhaya noma indinganiso yaseJalimane yamaphrojekthi okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, singakunikeza{5}}izixazululo{6}}ezikodwa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, izingcaphuno zobuchwepheshe zamahhala kanye nokwenza kahle kwemidwebo. Chofoza ukuze uthintane futhi uthole{8}ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezindleko-ezisebenzayo{10}}zokulingisa insimbi ezingazweli!